Online Behavioral Targeting and Consumer Privacy Issues Essay Example for Free

Online Behavioral Targeting and Consumer Privacy Issues Essay Sophocles’ prolific writing has rarely produced a woman of such stern strength of character as â€Å"Antigone†. Inversely the comedy of Aristophanes â€Å"Lysistrat† was among the first to introduce a strong willed female protagonist, who is not a goddess. The treatment of both great writers differs in the fact that the backdrops and the moods are distinctly different. While Sophocles zeroed in on the sombre tragedy, Aristophanes chose to inject feminist revolt against domination through zestful comedy. From a gender perspective it is important to study the motives behind the actions of the lead characters in both the plays. There have been suicides and suicides in Greek tragedies (which almost define Greek tragedies). Sophocles’ Antigone commits suicide in the dark dungeon left to starve to death. But unlike the suicide of their mother Jocasta who decides to end her life when she learns that her marital relationship with Oedipus was incestuous, Antigone’s death is a defiant protest against the tyranny of her uncle Creon and an emphasis of her strongly held belief, that her brother should be accorded a proper burial. There have been few examples of valour from Greek women who defied the norms of either their contemporary society or their king for a symbolic gesture rather than a cause. In the case of Antigone it was the burial rights to one of her two dead brothers which drives her to go against the will of the ruler, Creon. â€Å"Antigone† begins after both the warring brothers have apparently killed each other and since Polynices revolted against the state and led an Argive army to overthrow his brother Eteocles, he is deemed to be a sinner against the state. Thus Creone, brother of Jocasta, who becomes the ruler decrees his body to be deprived of proper burial rites to ensure that his soul rots beyond redemption. Antigone, in the beginning of the play expresses her wish to accord her brother proper burial. It is a symbolic depiction of Antigone’s moral strength that she decides to go ahead in her chosen course though she is unable to enlist the support of her more timid sister Ismene. This is a marked deviation from the depiction of women in Greek literature of the time where women were always looked upon as dependent on others for the strength of their convictions. Antigone succeeds in her stated mission and when this becomes known to Creone, an argument rages on the choice between the natural law and man-made laws. In another daring drift from established norm, the chorus in Sophocles’ play have the moral courage to call the path of their emperor as the more evil. Creone’s son and Antigone’s fiance Haemon comes to her defence and the ensuing debate on the justice of natural laws which should supersede man made laws is a dramatist’s delight. Creone, however, decides to leave Antigone to starve to death in a sealed cave as her prison. The blind prophet Tiresias also advocates against punishment to Antigone and says he will pay â€Å"corpse for corpse, and flesh for flesh†. The declaration of Tiresias that Creon is causing moral pollution causes a change of heart in Creone. His moral dilemma leads him to conclude that Polynices should be buried and Antigone should be pardoned. But by this time, Hameon reaches Antigone’s cave with the intention of saving her only to find that she has committed suicide by hanging herself, much like her mother Jocasta before her. When Creon reaches the cave he finds Hameon grieving over Antigone and he takes his life by stabbing himself as Creon approaches him. This leads Eurydice, Creon’s wife to give up her life in the grief of her son’s untimely death. Thus Creon loses all his loved ones due to his one fatal erring conviction to hold the laws of the state above the natural law. The tragic flaw, is thus justified in Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone†. It is easy to categorize the play Lysistrata by Aristophanes as a lewd comedy designed to entertain the Greek literature and drama lovers with a lampooning of the results if women begin to take an interest in affairs of national importance. It is also very convenient to visualize male actors playing all the important roles of the play and the â€Å"male† male characters wearing erect phalluses to depict their masculinity might have led to uproarious laughter. However, with passing time and the aid of retrospection help us to begin to understand that Aristophanes might have devoted considerable time and emotional energy in trying to decipher what goes through the hearts and heads of women of his time who were modelled to be subservient and detached from the affairs of the state. Lysistrata leads a domestic and non violent non-cooperation movement (though the medium of non cooperation seldom ventures beyond the conventional sexual subjugation) to convince the men of the time to end the long standing war (apparently the Peloponnesian war) and bring back peace. The play is an apparent comedy that it depicts women as sex crazed and spine less characters for whom rising beyond their daily chores is a daunting task. Except fro Lysistrata, no other woman comes across as strong willed enough to contribute in any way to the cause of the play. One can imagine the gusty laughter the scene involving the swearing of oath by drinking wine from a shield as it was a portrayal of women as being incapable of self restraint (from all good things in life, including wine and sex). Though Lysistrata as a play has a lot of titillate the viewers, it has been seen in modern light as a commentary on the plight of women who have no say in the affairs of the state entirely decide by the men but have to silently suffer the consequences. This has remained unchanged even after the liberation ages of the 20th century. Aristophanes does manage to draw a caricature of Greek women as incapable of with holding sex or thinking beyond sex as the only weapon in her armour to control or change society. It is possible though to excuse this caricature as Aristophanes’ attempt not to ruffle the feathers of his contemporary society while at the same time recording for future history that women did harbour different opinions on the approaches of the state to war and peace. The widowhood and martyrdom of a mother who loses her children to the ravages of war are not mentioned, perhaps because they would have added the much relegated sobriety to this deemed comedy. Gender domination is a visible thread in Lysistrata, but whether Aristophanes designed this play as a comic fiction based on improbable scenarios of liberated women questioning state policies, or as an underhanded attempt to depict female angst of his contemporary Greek society is debatable. However Lysistrata has remained current and meaningful to this date due to its universal themes of Peace being preferred over War and has helped several social commentators put across their point during the several un necessary wars that dot world history to date be it the Vietnam war or the latest invasion of Iraq. Whatever be the motivation, both Sophocles and Aristophanes manage to leave behind a piece of Literature which continues to engage readers and historians in a healthy debate on the premium placed on female equality by writers from the Greek age to the present day. Works Cited or used as reference Henderson, Jeffrey (contributor) Lysistrata by Aristophanes, London : Oxford University Press, 1990 Translated by Gibbons, Reginald and Segal, Charles Antigone by Sophocles, NewYork : Oxford University Press US, 2003

America In The Popular Imagination :: essays research papers

Twenty-one years ago, a spectacular film was made by an incredible director of the highly acclaimed film, "Badlands". The movie, "Days of Heaven" directed by Terrence Malick is a movie that shows the confusion of one woman, trying to figure out whom she loves. The movie stars Richard Gere as Bill and Sam Shepard as a rich, handsome, Texan farmer, the two men Brooke Adams as Abby falls in love with. Linda Manz plays Linda, Bill's sister and the narrator, in the story.Terrence Malick was born in Waco, Texas, which probably influenced him to make his first two films, "Badlands" and "Days of Heaven". Both share a theme of pariahs in the mid American wilderness, who are on the run from the law.The late seventies and early eighties were about getting ahead, however you could, no matter whom you had to step on, never worrying that you could get caught. This is reflected when Bill wants Abby to pretend that she is in love with the farmer. When Abby marries the farmer, Bill and Linda move in with them. Linda says "The rich got it all figured out". She means that when she was poor, she was considered replaceable and unimportant. When working in the fields, she says "If you don't work, they'll ship you right out of there; they don't need you; they can always find someone else." As a rich person, and a part of the upper class, she has fun with her life, and doesn't worry about what is going on."Days of Heaven" is about getting into a higher class. It starts when Bill punches his boss and needs to get a new job. He, his younger sister, Linda, and his lover, Abby, become sharecroppers on a farm in Texas, owned by a handsome young man. Bill and Abby pretend to be brother and sister, because they don't want people to know. Linda says "They told everyone they were brother and sister... You know how people are... you tell them something, they start talking". Bill is accused by a fellow sharecropper of being to close with his "sister" and they got into a fight because Bill was very defensive about that. Linda makes a friend with an older woman on the farm and they play in the fields. Bill overhears a doctor diagnose the handsome young farmer with a disease and one year to live.

Israel Palestine Conflict

Israel-Palestine Conflict Two films, Zero and 5 Broken Cameras, explain the ideologies, policies, and practices in the OPT and Israel. These films show how these ideologies are perpetuating the Israel-Palestine Conflict and suggest ways to end the occupation and problem. Zero looks in depth at the Israel education system and society and 5 Broken Cameras looks at the nonviolent resistance movement in the OPT. Both films suggest that this conflict will be never-ending If something does not change soon.This Is because the films show what children learn from the conflict, and how It will continue on both ides because of what is seen and taught by and to children in Israel and the OPT. Zero teaches that ideologies in Israel need to change because children are taught that the violence is Justifiable. 5 Broken Cameras teaches that nonviolent protests and filming are productive ways to help end the occupation. These films together show that It Is extremely necessary for conditions to change because If they do not then the conflict will be carried on and Intensified by future generations. Zero, Slaves of Memory looks into the Israeli society.For a month out of the school ear children in Israeli schools are taught to remember their history. Children of all ages are taught about Passover, the Shoo, and Independence Day. They are taught that horrible things have happened to their people. Through this education all children learn the importance of the Israeli state, army, and a nationalist identity to prevent atrocities from happening to them again. The filmmaker suggests that educators In Israel focus too much on the Holocaust. At one point the Interviewer asks a teacher if Israelis are â€Å"slaves to memory' (Zero, Part 7, 9:20) because of the education system.The teacher vehemently opposes that statement but the footage speaks for itself. The children who are interviewed seem programmed to answer in certain ways, even though one student argues â€Å"It's not brainwash ing. It's more part of a tradition† (Part 9, 4:15). This film suggests that education in Israel Is perpetuating the conflict more than anything else. From kindergarten to the army, children of all ages are taught that it is their duty to be willing to die for their country. They are taught that Jews must have an army and independent and sovereign state to fight heir enemies (Part 6, 9:55).The problem with the ideology and education system in Israel is that the most important value taught to children is â€Å"Be a good soldier† rather than â€Å"Be a good person† ((Part 7, 8:12). Dry. Liability suggests that it should not be the Jews who are working hard to remember the tragedies that have happened to them. It Is those who committed the acts. If people define themselves as victims It diverts the mind from all responsibility. He sarcastically says, â€Å"We can kill Arabs in refugee camps because of the terrible things that were done to us† (Part 5, 1:33).Co mmitting so much education to victimized allows Israelis to justify the violence toward the Palestinians, thus allowing the conflict to continue. Billing. The footage shows the men of Billing nonviolently protest Israel's Wall. He is proof that not even Journalists are safe from Israeli soldiers. His camera was fired at and broken by soldiers multiple times. One reason his cameras are broken is because Israeli soldiers are very uncomfortable with Dam's filming. Deep down the soldiers seem to know that what they are doing is morally wrong, and so they don't want the world to see the violence.There is a lack of knowledge about the conflict around the world, and Dam's footage of tear gas, arrests, shootings, and even the murder of his friend Phil helps spread the truth of who the victims are. Edam parallels the protests with the birth and growth of his son, Gabriel. He shows how children in Billing are affected by the conflict and how they will carry it on when their fathers are gone. Gabriel says he wants to hurt the Israeli soldiers for killing Phil (Cameras, 13). Even after a violent act happens, the anger remains and the children will remember the injustices against their fathers (Cameras, 12).Because of the violence of Israeli soldiers against Palestinians who did not do anything wrong, the conflict is perpetuated by creating more anger and hate between the two sides. Many aspects of these films built on my understanding of what Eve learned about the conflict in class. Zero made me think of the Refusing, or the men who refused to join the army. They were seen as traitors but really they were some of the few who could see that they should be angry at the system for brainwashing children instead of angry with the Palestinians.The system â€Å"perverts the children† (Part 7, 6:57) cause it teaches that nationalism and violence in the name of protecting Israel is the most important value rather than being a decent human being. 5 Broken Cameras built on my understanding of life in the OPT. I have previously learned about and seen footage of the occupation and the horrors that come with it, but this film was the most effective. This is because Dam's footage lets the experiences speak for themselves instead of an interviewee sharing their political viewpoints. In this way, 5 Broken Cameras is about human beings rather than the politics of the conflict.I have learned many statistics about the OPT but it was instrumental to my understanding to see how a family lives and keeps moral up in the OPT. 5 Broken Cameras teaches that nonviolent demonstrations can be very valuable. It takes a lot of bravery to protest against people with weapons when you do not have a weapon, and it shows who the true victims are. Nonviolent demonstrations show that Palestinians are peaceful and willing to cooperate. It Just does not make sense to fight for peace by using violence. Violent protests by Palestinians allow Israelis to call Palestinians â€Å"terror ists† and make Israelis seem like the victims.If Israeli soldiers are harming peaceful Palestinians, it is more obvious to outsiders who the victim in the situation is. The â€Å"outsiders† aspect is why filming is an important model of nonviolent resistance. Filming is important because it gets the word out more and so more people are able to help and know the truth (Cameras, 15:20). Edam says that people come from all over the world to protest with them and they are treated the same way as Palestinian protestors. Filming does not only show the world the realities of life in the OPT; it also encourages more nonviolent resistance. When Edam shows the nonviolent ways too (Cameras, 34).Methods of nonviolent resistance such as peaceful protests and filming have a higher potential to help end the occupation than violent resistance, but they might not be enough to completely resolve the conflict. The best solution I can see to solving this conflict is to end U. S. Funding to Israel. However, because of Israeli lobbyists that does not seem to be a realistic possibility. Because of this, there needs to be something that forces the United States to end funding to Israel. The UN has not done anything that's worked for decades so Hereford it is the international community's duty.Public opinion in America and the rest of the world needs to be strongly anti-lesser funding. A way to do this is to spread the truth of the horrors committed by Israel. Articles written by Journalists visiting the OPT and films like 5 Broken Cameras that show what is happening in the OPT need to get more attention. However, because of American media it is difficult to spread the truth in these ways. Upon doing some research of 5 Broken Cameras, I was surprised to read that the Israeli co-director, David', said that he thinks that abbey more Israeli activist blood needs to be spilled by Israeli soldiers in order to get the point across.This shocked me because in general I think that nonviolent solutions are best, but it made me consider the validity of this idea. Israel values its own citizens and should not want to harm them. Maybe if more Israeli citizens opposed the wall then Israel would reconsider its practices. However, 5 Broken Cameras shows that the soldiers treat Israeli activists the same as they do the Palestinians. Because of this, I am taking Davit's idea a step further. When even one American tourist or Journalist dies abroad at the hand of another country soldiers or police, people know about it because it is highly publicized.If more activists from around the world and particularly from America went and protested with the Palestinians in the OPT then maybe the United States government would stop funding Israel because it is killing American citizens. If more Americans were dying at the hands of weapons funded by America, the public would be furious. I think the best way to help end this conflict is to end funding to Israel, and maybe the best w ay o force funding to stop is for tons of people to be really angry about it. It is not a pleasant solution, but highly publicized deaths of citizens of powerful countries could be a way to force the U.S. To stop Israel's violence. Another potential way to help end the conflict is Israeli-Palestinian cooperation. 5 Broken Cameras is co-directed by an Israeli, therefore making it a Palestinian-Israeli film. This film shows teamwork between Israelis and Palestinians. This makes the film successful because it shows that Israelis and Palestinians are not natural born enemies and that cooperation is Seibel and productive. If the two communities started working together and were willing to compromise then the conflict could be solved without outside influence.This solution would work in a perfect world but it is unlikely to happen. Zero and 5 Broken Cameras are very different films about the Israel-Palestine conflict but the theme is the same: something needs to change and soon. Actions n eed to be taken by both sides to help end the conflict. Palestinians in the OPT must focus on nonviolent resistance and filming their experiences to help bring an end to the hat â€Å"There is no lesson to be learned from the Shoo† (Part 8, 2:1 1) and that if Israeli education continues the way it is then they are headed towards destruction.Israeli soldiers are taught that they are doing the right thing in the name of nationalism, but violence by soldiers in the OPT promotes anger among Palestinians and a lessening chance of cooperation. Children on both sides will grow up and continue the fight of their parents. These films show that this conflict is a vicious cycle and if a solution is not found soon the situation will intensify and worsen.

The Revolution Of Texas Revolution - 1550 Words

Essay on Texas Revolution Texas Revolution, a rebellion in late 1835 and early 1836 by residents of Texas, then a part of northern Mexico, against the Mexican government and military. The rebellion led to the establishment of the independent Republic of Texas. The short-lived republic was annexed by the United States as a state in 1845. These events were among the causes of the Mexican War between the United States and Mexico, after which Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and much of the present-day southwestern United States. In 1835 Texas was part of the Mexican state of Coahuila. Texas and its residents were governed as citizens of Mexico. For many years Mexican policies had rarely caused concern in Texas, although a large part of the population were Anglo-American immigrants who were attracted by the generous land policies. Rebellion stirred when Mexican authorities began to regulate Texan activities more closely. A brief revolt in 1826 known as the Fredonian Rebellion was an attempt by two Anglo-American brothers to establish an independent republic. The revolt, which was not supported by most Anglo-Americans, was unsuccessful, but was one factor that led Mexico to prohibit the immigration of Anglo-Americans in the Decree of April 6, 1830. The decree also banned the importation of slaves into Texas; slavery was already prohibited in other parts of Mexico. Immigration from the United States halted for almost four years. Mexico also imposed new taxes on commerceShow MoreRelatedThe Texas Revolution Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe Texas Revolution By Jessica Bouillon Texas History The Texas Revolution was a key point in our nation’s history and in the history of the state of Texas. For, if Texas had not revolted the way that they did, it would probably not have become a state. There are many causes that are speculated on why Texas revolted whether they are political disputes against the Centralist party in Mexico that had primary control at the time of the Revolution. These and more will be explored. Also, there areRead MoreThe Battle Of The Texas Revolution1910 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican History takes us on the special journey back to the Texas Revolution. This battle saw a lot of heroes and also coined one of the most famous sayings in the state of Texas, â€Å"Remember the Alamo†! However, before we can get to all the guts and glory we must first look at the causes that lead to this epic revolution to understand both sides of the coin. I will look at the background, battles, people and results of the Texas Revolution, as well as give my opinion of the Mexican government’s innocenceRead MoreA Study on the Texas Revolution552 Words   |  2 PagesTexas Revolution In 1835, a small number of settlers in the territory of Texas, rebelled against the newly established government of Mexico. While they claimed that the government in Mexico had unlawfully usurped authority, establishing a tyrannical dictatorship, there were serious economic and social issues that sparked the conflict. But what is most interesting about the Texas Revolution is the relatively small numbers of soldiers involved. The Texians, as the settlers called themselves, numberedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Texas Revolution2082 Words   |  9 PagesTexans are full of pride and have been since the term Texan was created. The Texas revolutionary war was a great battle between Mexican Republic and the Texas Colonists. 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Although it resulted in a Mexican victory it was a crucial turning point in the Texas Revolution. The Texas Revolution did not occur because of cultural differences nor did the Battle of the Alamo, they were both caused by both the newly arrived Texans and the native Tejanos fighting for autonomy from the Mexican government. PresidentRead MoreThe Texas Revolution : The Fight For Natural Rights2212 Words   |  9 PagesThe Texas Revolution: The Fight for Natural Rights Every event in history contains a cause and effect. Every cause and effect is unique in its own way. Whenever deciphering certain events in history it’s important that those researching, keep an open mind to all intertwining factors. The Texas Revolution is an important and crucial event within the history of the United States and having a full understanding of the Texas Revolution is of extreme importance to understanding Mexican-American relationsRead MoreBook Analysis: The Texas Rangers and the Mexican Revolution1280 Words   |  6 PagesThe Texas Rangers and the Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade, 1910-1920. By Charles H. Harris III and Louis R. Sadler (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico, 2007. Print.) This is the most comprehensive collection of The Texas Rangers during the Mexican revolution that has been published. Charles Harris III and Louis Sadler share the details behind this unstable period by uncovering the views and actions of the Rangers during the highest point of border violence up until that time. The RangersRead MoreThe Texas Revolution : An Infectious Emotion Among The Population Of The Southern State2276 Words   |  10 PagesThe Texas Revolution There are many reasons why the hearts and eyes of Texans glow when asked about their home state. Texas pride seems an infectious emotion among the population of the southern state. This could stem from any number of things but there is one facet of Texas’ history that warrants a great deal of pride, and that is the Texas Revolution. The event breeds pride partly because no state in the US can boast of individual sovereignty preceding statehood. Although the rebellion occurred

Media and Television - Analysis of the V-Chip Essay

The V-Chip and TV Parental Guidelines During the last decade, media ratings have been used as a means of addressing concerns about objectionable or potentially harmful media content. Politicians, entertainment industry leaders, and parents alike have turned to media ratings as a middle ground to such concerns somewhere between direct government censorship and not addressing the issue at all. While movie ratings have been in place for several decades, there was a trend in adoption of a rating system for media such as television. The advent of content blocking categories technologies, such as the V-chip, which requires some form of attendant rating system to be useful, has furthered spurred this trend. There is†¦show more content†¦When the television receives this code, channels displaying inappropriate programming, will display an unauthorized to receive message on the screen. Time Magazine reported the chip itself was not cheap when it was first developed since it cost the Shaw Cablesystems 300,000 d ollars in September 1994. (Dickson 1999 p80) Basically the V-chip that will on the surface that will protects kids from violence or other inappropriate shows by blocking it out when the chip reads the code. Yet this expensive chip will not have the capabilities to define the difference between the violence in Schindlers List and Friday the Thirteen. The rating system called the TV Parental Guidelines. Works in conjunction with the V-Chip, represented by little wad of letter and numbers that looks like an eye chart and periodically pops up in the corner of you screen. Since 1997, shows have been rated in seven categories, ranging from TV-Y, suitable for all children, to TV-Ma, which stands for mature audience. Rating icons appear on the screen during the first fifteen seconds of a program and are also noted in some TV listings. In addition, there was talk about having a content label that would have appeared as an extra letter tacked onto the icon for example V for violence. (Gunther 1998 p.64) The letters themselves seem confusing because it does containShow MoreRelated Television and Media - Censorship of TV Violence Not Necessary877 Words   |  4 Pagestelevised media often begins as a result of the concern many adults show over what their children watch. Children begin watching television at an early age, and they are usually lifetime viewers by the time they are two to three years old. There is usually a steady increase in the amount of television watched during a persons childhood. This is followed by a decline during adolescence. W hat is more of a concern to the American people, however, is the amount of violence depicted on the television screenRead MoreTelevision And Its Impact On Children s Lifestyle1742 Words   |  7 Pagesinternet coverage, increased radio frequencies, and digital television coverage. Given the relatively cheap but wide coverage and in depth analysis of news and other programs, uses of television continue to rise. High numbers of populations enjoy wide television coverage at low cost. Due to this reason, the prevalence of television as a news and lifestyle programmer in the society continues to rise. Increasing the society’s access to television services is an important factor in developing educationalRead MoreEffect of Television Research6869 Words   |  28 Pages2 World War-II 6 1.1.3 1946 – 1949 6 1.1.4 1950- 1959 7 1.1.5 1960 – 2000 8 1.2 The History of Color Television 8 1.3 The Inventor of Television 10 1.4 The Definition of Television 12 1.5 Current Issues 13 Positive and Negative Effects of Television 13 1.5.1 Positive Effects of Television on Children 13 †¢ Television as education 13 †¢ Moderation 13 †¢ Family bonding through television 13 †¢ Educational programs 14 †¢ Amusement 14 †¢ Catalyst for reading 14 †¢ Wonder 14 †¢ Introduces newRead MoreEssay on Effects of TV Violence on Children2966 Words   |  12 Pageseffects of violence on television as a prominent variable in childhood and adolescent aggressiveness. The prevalence of violence in television is rampant. It is as addictive as a drug to the children and adolescents, and is accomplishing two extreme reactions: a desensitization towards pain and suffering in the world, and instilling fear of the world as a dark, cold place. Although violence in all media has become a prominent issue, the focus has mainly been on television because it has hadRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of Media3049 Words   |  13 PagesThe Corruption of Media I came up with a problem that concerns many parents. It seems as though violence plays a role in the lives of many people. Even innocent children are affected by the negative things that go on in the huge world we live in. Television violence is often overlooked because of its ability to retain children’s attention. Countless mothers and fathers put their children in front of the television so they can have time to themselves. As a result, the kids are subjected to unnecessaryRead MoreEssay on Television and Media Effect on the Public4834 Words   |  20 PagesTelevision is a vital source from which most Americans receive information. News and media delegates on television have abused theirs powers over society through the airing of appealing news shows that misinform the public. Through literary research and experimentation, it has been proven that peoples perception of reality has been altered by the information they receive from such programs. Manipulation, misinterpreta tion, word arrangement, picture placement and timing are all factors and tricksRead MoreViolence on Television Does Not Impact Behavior Essay3474 Words   |  14 PagesViolence on Television Does Not Impact Behavior TV heroes endorse tanks of noxious,flesh-eating gas The complex age of elaborate laptops, portable color televisions in every room, and pocket radios the size of a basic calculator have all taken their toll on American society. In a furious outburst reflecting the contemporary society in which we live, television has come to represent all that is evil and wicked for our children. Through gruesome, explicit, and often unrealistic portrayals of deathRead MoreEffective Communication of Pepsi Co3206 Words   |  13 PagesEffective Communication Strategies of Pepsi Cola Table of Contents Executive Summery 3 Introduction 4 History 5 Effective Marketing and communication strategies of Pepsi 6 Media Commercials 6 Advantage of media commercials 6 Disadvantages of media commercials 7 Sponsorships 7 Advantages of Sponsorships 8 Disadvantages of Sponsorships 8 How to enhance the effectiveness of Sponsorship 8 Community Activities 8 Advantages of Community activities 9 Disadvantages of communityRead MoreExposure to Violent TV Causes Aggressive Behavior in Children3662 Words   |  15 PagesExposure to Violent Television Causes Aggressive Behavior in Children Abstract: Studies of the aggressiveness in children in relation to the amount of violent television viewed were examined. The results are discussed and a potential solution is proposed which assigns responsibility for the control of television viewing and its effects to parents and children. Television is the most powerful medium the world has ever seen. Never before has it been possible to communicate and so stronglyRead MoreEssay on The Media Violence Debate3490 Words   |  14 PagesTHE MEDIA VIOLENCE DEBATE Introduction Television and video games are favorite ways teenagers spend their leisure hours. Parents and teens themselves have wondered about their effects because of numerous concerns raised with regards to the negative influences that these form of entertainment bring. Many of today’s children grow up with a television at home or even in their own rooms and there have been studies dedicated to the analysis

The Role of the Lesion Method in the Understanding of...

Understanding the relationship between brain and behaviour has been of great phenomenon in the field of neuropsychology yet a compound one. Studying the effects of brain functions on human behaviour requires us to operate with methods that allow us to dissect different aspects of mental functions. This paper therefore addresses one of the ways of assessing brain functions in human and non-human animals; the lesion method (in Banich, 2004). The basic concept of the lesion method is to determine a correlation between a lesion in a certain region of the brain and occurring behaviours. The lesion method strategy thus involves ablating or destroying a proportion of the brain in order to understand the functional nature of that specific brain†¦show more content†¦In addition, neuropsychological research so far has successfully demonstrated consistency in the loss of certain brain regions resulting in disorganised and inconsistent behaviours and the profound difficulties when performing certain tasks with Galen being the first to underpin the complexities that underlie brain-behaviour relationships (in Banich, 2004). One of the most compelling and well-known documented cases of severe brain injury and personality disorders comes from Phineas Gage (1848 in Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Sutherland, Vliek, 2009). Gage was a road rail construction foreman who had experienced an iron metal rod passing right through to his skull at a very high-speed. The iron rod passed under his left cheek bone and excited right through to his head. 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Report on Business Ethics Individual Organization

Question: Describe about the Report on Business Ethics for Individual Organization. Answer: Introduction Ethics are the morals formed by the society. They are the values that form a part of our lives internally. Every decision that an individual makes is either ethical or unethical. Ethics are values like being fair, honest, abiding the rules, following the laws, doing the right thing. Ethics are principles that govern the decisions that an individual or organization makes, of choosing between the right and the wrong. A business might undertake some practices that are not ethical, they might undertake some ways or measures in which they promote unethical behavior and fails to realize its impact on the society. Such businesses should be brought under moral compass and should realize that through their decisions are impacting the lives of people in a negative manner. Every ethical decision a business makes affects the lives in a positive manner. A business needs to have ethics in their core values (Brenkert Beauchamp, 2012). Ethics are breached when a decision taken by a business or an i ndividual does not value the moral of the society. It is when they do not realize their moral responsibilities and do actions that have a negative impact. A business should always support ethics and do the right and the just. The actions done by the business should always be such that they have a positive impact on the lives of the people (Cremer, 2009). Advertisement 1 Breach of Ethics Ashley Madison is the worlds largest online networking community that offers online dating service. The company was founded in 2002 and targets people who are already married or in a committed relationship but still want to date. The company employed guerrilla marketing techniques to advertise its site. One of the advertisement marketing campaign run by the company was termed as the most offensive ad because it attracted huge number of complaints. The slogan of the website promoted in this advertisement was Life is short. Have an affair. This advertisement had a bunch of men, who say that they are looking for someone other than their wives. This advertisement promotes infidelity amongst people who are already in a relationship. This advertisement is considered wrong on the moral grounds. It is considered wrong and not in accordance with the standards for the rightful practices. Though adultery is not a criminal offence, but it is considered immoral. It involves breaking of a promise made in the act of marriage. One of the promises made in the act of marriage is thatthe husband and wife will have a sacred relationship and will abstain from having sexual relations with other people. This ad promotes adultery, which indicates the indifference on the part of the husband. It is seen as that he has no concern for the feelings of his spouse. This advertisement promotes immoral behavior amongst people because it makes them believe tha t it is ethical and justified to look for other people for sexual relations while being married to somebody. The spouse cheating could also lie or not tell about their actions, which in a way is equivalent to lying. This also breaks another promise of marriage which is to be honest and faithful to your spouse. This ad gives us ample of reasons to think that adultery is immoral and it also weakens our faith in the strong institution of marriage and family. Marriage and family is good for society and engaging in adultery is against the norms of the society. If a person is not happy in their marriage, opting to look out of their marriage while still being married is unethical, the right and ethical way is judicial separation and then moving ahead in life and looking for ways which provides them happiness (Bruck, 2015). Advertisement 2 Support of an Ethical Approach Australian Government Quit Smoking Ad 2014, released on the day of world no tobacco day, May 31st is considered for support of ethics. This ad is issued in the public interest and warns the people that tobacco is harmful for health. It informs people about the contents of a cigarette and its harmful effect on the health of a person. Each cigarette that a person consumes affects his health and the health of those around him. Smoking whether it is active or passive is considered as a hazard to the health of an individual. There are general restrictions on advertising tobacco, but anti-smoking advertisements fall under an exception. This ad warns people about the risk factors that arise because of tobacco consumption that includes heart diseases, chronic diseases, and Cancers (The department of health, 2015). This anti-smoking ad aims to affect the smoking behavior amongst people. The Australian Government has adopted a sustainable multi-faced approach to reduce the consumption of tobac co. This campaign is powerful in supporting the ethics that suggest reducing and quitting smoking. The government has invested millions in the campaign and is committed to reduce the devastating impacts of smoking on the people. This thirty seconds ad depicts a woman smoking and coughing. That indicates that smoking is harmful for health. It supports the ethics that suggest prohibition of promotion of tobacco (Wayne, 2014). It also supports the ethical practices which suggest that smoking is not a healthy activity for an individual. It not only is a health hazard but also not a socially acceptable practice in the society. This ad is in full support of the ethical approach (The department of health, 2016). Ethics Ethics are the basic fundamental principles that are conducted by a human being. The acts, which are socially acceptable, are not looked down upon and are not morally wrong. Ethics in a way is a code of conduct of ones behavior or activities (Kerns, 2005). Ethics are governed by moral principles. Ethics is also obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety, concern for natural environment, concern for another human being. Ethics in a narrowed term is being morally right and just (Darely, Messick Tyler, 2001). Ethical issues Ethical issues are basically when a person or an organization has to choose between the two alternatives, usually out of which one is wrong or unethical and the other that is right or ethical (Bottoni, 2010). Ethical issues are always subject to a debate. Some things are morally wrong but not an offence according to the law of the land. Ethics is all about being morally right and fair. When an organization or an individual might do something that is unethical it creates an impression that people can do wrong and can be morally unjust towards others (Badiou Hallward, 2002). The issue taken up in this report in case 1, where an advertisement promotes Adultery, which is an unethical practice and it reduces our faith in the institution of marriage. This is an unethical issue because promoting something that causes marriages to break, people to lie and cheat and relationships to dissolve is unethical in every manner possible in the society. This type of behavior is classified as unethical in every corner of the world. Though adultery is not a criminal offence but it is unethical because it affects the relationships on the moral grounds. Ethics are basically guidelines based on human morality. In this advertisement, the company is affecting the sentiments of women who are married, because their husbands are conveying the message that they are not happy and are looking outside their marriage. This breaks the fundamental promise of the marriage, being in an exclusive and sacred relationship and of honesty and trust. Ethics affects every decision that a person, an organization makes in their course of time. Every organization has to consider its impact on the lives of the people, its impact on the societies before making any decision. The decisions made by the organization reflect their values, their beliefs and with this advertisement it is clear that the company, Ashley Madison clearly doesnt believe in the constitution of marriage and promotes infidelity. Another case taken up is an advertisement that promotes ill effect of tobacco. This ad clearly conveys that it is not an ethical activity to undertake and it affects the lives of the people around the person smoking as well as their own life. This ad is in support of ethics that believes that it is an unhealthy human practice and it destroys lives. This decision to support such ethical issues that makes human aware of their unethical choices is right in every aspect. This advertisement deals with an ethical issue that is of tobacco. The decision to promote such cases, which makes peop le aware of their moral duties and ethics, is socially acceptable. It is indeed an ethical decision taken. Importance of Ethics in Business Decision Making Ethics are important in decision-making; there is a great relationship between the two. An organization has to be ethical while making decisions. Understanding between the right and the wrong is very important while making business decisions. If a decision is made which is not ethical it might impact the lives of several people. It will create an atmosphere in the society that will be not just. Outcomes of the unethical decisions are usually unrest and non-harmony amongst people. The organization involved while making the business decision in the first advertisement did not realize the impact it made in the society. It did not follow the ethical code of conduct. An organizations core values must include ethics. Then only it would be able to take ethical decisions (Ethical leadership, decision-making, and organizations, 2016). Business ethics is not a temporary practice; it is more of a permanent trait that has to be adapted in their behavior while making decisions. Taking ethical dec ision is always a hard task, because ethics involves hard work, abiding by the law, doing things that are right in the first place and always. Whereas wrong and unethical is easy in the first place but it will be a problem in the long run for the company. An organization that makes ethical decisions will face initial troubles but will always be benefited in the long run. The decisions made by the organization or any business is affected by its policies, if the policies of the organization are ethical, the procedures and practices are just and fair then the outcomes of the decisions taken would result in a positive manner. Unethical values results in the decisions that impact the lives of the people in an adverse manner. They are not based or formed out of social norms or cultural practices. They do not assess the moral implications that they might cause. Unethical decisions are not based out of moral philosophy. Whereas making an ethical judgment require an understanding of the perc eption of people, of the interpretation of the thoughts, realization of the set of values people have and estimation that how people would react to that certain decision and how significantly it would impact their lives. A decision that significantly impacts the lives of the people should always be ethical. We live in a society where people are affected and if they are affected in an adverse manner, than it is considered wrong on the grounds of morality even if it is not an offense under the law of the land. A business needs to make decisions that only positively affects the lives of the people and that would only happen when Ethics are a great part of business and its activities. Conclusion Ethics is a moral concept. They are something that affects the lives of every individual whether in a positive or negative manner. Ethics just form a part of the lives of the people and the way the conduct their activities. When an organization conducts unethical behavior they are affecting the lives of people in an adverse manner, which here was shown by the unethical business conducted and promoted by a company. Support of ethics was shown by the second case, where people were made aware of their unethical and socially unacceptable behavior and were requested to stop. Ethics forms a core part of the decision-making in the business. Every decision that a business takes is either ethical or unethical. An ethical business will always realize its moral responsibility towards the society and will always take ethical decisions. References Australian associated press. (2016, August 2016). International report into Ashley Madison hack 'highly critical' of site's privacy. The Guardian. Retrieved from URL https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/24/international-report-into-ashley-madison-hack-highly-critical-of-sites-privacy Badiou, A. Hallward, P. (2002). Ethics: An Essay on the Understanding of Evil. US: Verso. Bottoni, M. (2010). The Cost of Unethical Behavior: A Pending Issue at the Argonne National Laboratory. US: AuthorHouse. Brenkert, G. Beauchamp, T. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics. US:OUP. Bruck, S. (2015, May 15th).Ashley Madison Ad.Retrieved from URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQp9mkuCYBM Cremer, D. (2009). Psychological Perspectives on Ethical Behavior and Decision Making. US: IAP. Darely, J., Messick, D., Tyler, T. (2001). Social Influences on Ethical Behavior in Organization. US: Taylor Francis. Ethical leadership, decision-making, and organizations. (2016). Retrieved from URL https://www.businessballs.com/ethical_management_leadership.htm Kerns, C. (2005) Value-centered Ethics: A Proactive System to Shape Ethical Behavior. US: Human Resource Development. The department of health. (2015, September 2015). Tobacco advertising. Retrieved from URL https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/tobacco-advert. The department of health. (2016, May 1st). New anti-smoking campaign aims to close the Gap. Retrieved from URL https://www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/Content/health-mediarel-yr2016-nash012.htm Wayne, L. (2014, February 21st). Australian Government Quit Smoking 2010 Ad. Retrieved from URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiJ17uXv1WY